Russian Federation
UDC 631.51
UDC 633.11
The article presents the experimental material of a field experiment conducted in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region to study the influence of predecessors, nutrition backgrounds and methods of basic tillage on the phytosanitary state of winter wheat crops, its yield and quality indicators of grain. As a result of the research, a positive effect of pure fallow on the reduction of weed infestation and the cleansing of the arable soil layer from weed seeds was established. Mineral fertilizers at a dose of N30P30K30 contributed to an increase in the number of weeds and their dry weight by 22 and 25% compared to the unfertilized background. The maximum infestation of crops was observed in the variant with shallow flat-cutting, in which by the time the crop was harvested, the number of weeds reached 51.9 pcs/m2 with a dry weight of 49.2 g/m2, or 9 and 22% more than on plowing. The most favorable conditions for the growth and development of winter wheat developed against the background of differentiated cultivation in crop rotation, regardless of the predecessor. Where the alternation of methods of moldboard and non-moldboard disc tillage at different depths helped to reduce the weediness of crops by 7% and increase the yield by 0.27 t/ha compared to the annual moldboard treatment. Here, the greatest responsiveness in the collection of grain from the fertilizers used in the experiment was observed, the average increase for the predecessors was 0.80 t/ha relative to the non-fertilized background of the corresponding treatment. It was determined that the use of bare fallow as a precursor for winter wheat was an effective method of increasing its yield and improving the quality of grain compared to a busy fallow. The use of mineral fertilizers for winter wheat on the predecessors of clean and busy fallow contributed to the formation of additional grain yield. Yield increases in fertilized variants amounted to 0.53-0.70 t/ha for a clean fallow, and 0.51-0.92 t/ha for an occupied fallow.
predecessors, mineral fertilizers, weeds, winter wheat, bare fallow, tillage, productivity
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