Russian Federation
Russian Federation
UDC 633.511
UDC 631.53.04
UDC 631.84
The article presents the results of studies carried out in 2021-2023 in the arid climate of the southern agroecological zone of Afghanistan (Helmand province) on desert sandy-clay soil. Under the conditions of two-factor field experience, the reaction of medium-fiber cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to various methods of sowing seeds and doses of nitrogen fertilizer was studied. The influence of scattered, wide-row ("flat") methods of sowing and sowing on ridges, as well as doses of nitrogen fertilizer N0, N120, N150 and N180 on cotton yield, the number of open boxes on plants, the mass of raw cotton and cotton fiber in the box, the payback of nitrogen fertilizer by crop increase and fiber yield has been established. The conducted studies have shown the advantage of sowing cotton on ridges (in two rows with a feeding area of one plant of 0.75 m x 0.45 m) over scattered and wide-row sowing methods with row spacing of 0.75 m, as well as the significant effect of nitrogen fertilizer on cotton yield. The highest yield of cotton is provided by sowing on ridges and the use of nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of N180 in two terms (according to N90 before sowing and at the beginning of the flowering phase of cotton) – an average of 5.0 t/ha of raw cotton with a fiber yield of 36.2% was obtained over three years of research, an average of 24.5 was formed on each cotton plant pcs. open boxes with a mass of raw cotton of 6.9 g. The yield of cotton increases with the use of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest nitrogen payback of fertilizer – 11.9-12.2 kg of raw cotton/kg of nitrogen is also achieved when sowing cotton on ridges and applying N150 and N180.
cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), method of sowing, nitrogen fertilizer, raw cotton, yield, crop structure, fiber yield
1. Farooq, O., Mubeen, K., Khan, A.A., Ahmad, S. (2020). Sowing methods for cotton production. Cotton Production and Uses: Agronomy, Crop Protection, and Postharvest Technologies, pp. 45-57.
2. Shahzad, M.A., Anjum, S.A., Zohaib, A., Ishfaq, M., Warraich, E.A. (2017). Effect of different sowing methods and planting densities on growth, yield, fiber quality and economic efficacy of cotton. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 30 (1).
3. Tursunov H. Vliyanie metodov poseva i plotnosti kustov na rost, razvitie i urozhaynost' hlopchatnika // Integracionnye processy mirovogo nauchno-tehnologicheskogo razvitiya: sbornik nauchnyh trudov po materialam Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii: v 2 ch. Belgorod, 29 noyabrya 2017 g. / pod obsch. red. E.P. Tkachevoy. Chast' II. Belgorod: OOO «Agentstvo perspektivnyh nauchnyh issledovaniy», 2017. S. 44-48. EDN XHUMFK
4. Li, P.C., Dong, H.L., Liu, A.Z., Liu, J.R., Li, R.Y., Sun, M. ... Mao, S.C. (2015). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application strategy on N uptake, utilization and yield of cotton using 15 N trace technique. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 21(3), 590-599.
5. Urazmatov N.N. Produktivnost' sortov hlopchatnika v zavisimosti ot sposobov poseva i gustoty stoyaniya v usloviyah lugovo-sazovyh pochv // Put' nauki. 2016. T. 1. № 11 (33). S. 72-74. EDN XAMVQR
6. Umbetaev I., Tagaev A. Vliyanie gustoty stoyaniya i shem razmescheniya na fone razlichnyh doz azotnyh udobreniy na rost, razvitie i urozhaynost' hlopchatnika v starooroshaemoy zone Yuga Kazahstana // Pochvovedenie i agrohimiya. 2010. № 3. S. 91-95. EDN DHSDMO
7. Cetin, M.D., Kabas, O., Celik, I., Kocaturk, M. (2023). An analysis of fiber properties in second crop cotton cultivated using two different sowing methods. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 22 (9), 1581-1586.
8. Nabiev T.S., Erkaboev H.Zh., Mahmudov I.R. O kvadratno-gnezdovom sposobe poseva semyan hlopchatnika // Fundamental'nye i prikladnye nauchnye issledovaniya: Aktual'nye voprosy, dostizheniya i innovacii: sbornik statey Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii, Ufa, 27 dekabrya 2020 g. Chast' 2. Ufa: OOO «Omega Sayns», 2020. S. 62-65. EDN MITTOT
9. Babazoy F., Kuharenkova O.V. Vliyanie sposoba poseva i udobreniya azotom na urozhaynost' hlopchatnika v Afganistane // Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferencii molodyh uchenyh i specialistov, posvyaschennoy 135-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya A.N. Kostyakova: sbornik statey, Moskva, 06-08 iyunya 2022 g. M.: Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet – MSHA im. K.A. Timiryazeva, 2022. T. 1. S. 155-158. EDN UKPRRC
10. Khan, B., Ishfaq, M., Murtza, K., Batool, Z., Ali, N., Aslam, M.S., ... Anjum, S.A. (2021). Effect of varying planting density on weed infestation, crop phenology, yield, and fiber quality of cotton under different sowing methods. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 10 (3), 676-691.
11. Saleem, M.F., Bilal, M.F., Awais, M., Shahid, M.Q., Anjum, S.A. (2010). Effect of nitrogen on seed cotton yield and fiber qualities of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 20 (1), 23-27.
12. Shah, A.N., Wu, Y., Tanveer, M., Hafeez, A., Tung, S. A., Ali, S., ... Yang, G. (2021). Interactive effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on photosynthetic and agronomical traits of cotton at different growth stages. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28 (6), 3578-3584.
13. Tokareva N.D., Dedova Yu.I., Shahmedov I.Sh. Opredelenie optimal'nyh norm vneseniya mineral'nyh udobreniy pod hlopchatnik // Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii sel'skohozyaystvennyh nauk. 2012. № 5. S. 49-51. EDN PDHYNH
14. Metodika gosudarstvennogo sortoispytaniya sel'skohozyaystvennyh kul'tur. M., 1983. Vyp. 3. 184 s.
15. Ma, Y., Zhang, Q., Yi, X., Ma, L., Zhang, L., Huang, C., ... Lv, X. (2021). Estimation of cotton leaf area index (LAI) based on spectral transformation and vegetation index. Remote Sensing, 14 (1), 136.
16. Shumova N.A. Metodicheskie podhody k ocenke otnositel'noy ploschadi list'ev rasteniy agrocenozov // Ekosistemy: ekologiya i dinamika. 2017. T. 1. № 1. S. 74-92. EDN YYVQHH
17. Irfan, M., Ahmad, R. (2014). Effect of sowing methods and different irrigation regimes on cotton growth and yield. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 51 (4).
