Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
UDC 631.67
Every year, due to changing climatic and demographic conditions, the situation with the growing shortage of fresh water resources suitable for human life is becoming more and more aggravated. In this regard, the relevance of the issue of rational use and distribution of fresh water is a priority. About 90% of the total water consumption is spent on the needs of agriculture in the world, in Russia – 70%. Rice is one of the leading food grains in the Russian agricultural sector, and its cultivation is an important component of agriculture. At the same time, rice production is the most labor- and resource-intensive process, including the cost of water resources. Thus, the cultivation of rice, the most important food crop, consumes about 20 thousand m3/ha of irrigation water, and with improper water use it can reach 30-40 thousand m3/ha. Irrigation water shortage in rice cultivation is one of the main problems in agriculture. Solving the problem of lack of irrigation water in rice cultivation requires an integrated approach, including both improving the technologies and methods of cultivating rice in conditions of limited water, for example, using efficient irrigation systems, improving water use efficiency, breeding drought-resistant rice varieties, and so on. It is also important to control water use and protect water resources from pollution and depletion. In the presented work, studies of the formation of articles of the irrigation norm of rice for various types of its cultivation are given, namely, it is considered how this process is affected by various modes of irrigation of rice fields. A new combined method of rice cultivation was developed and implemented, which proved its effectiveness, which was expressed in the reduction of water losses for transpiration – 8.4% and evaporation – 5.3%. It was possible to increase the coefficient of irrigation water use up to 17%.
fresh water deficit, rice, climate, South of Russia, evaporation, transpiration, irrigation rate
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